According to the PM's office, Alexis Tsipras also spoke to Putin about the importance of forging peace in eastern Ukraine, where pro-Russian rebels are fighting the European Union-backed Kiev government.
Tsipras's new left-wing government ruffled feathers among European partners with comments soon after being elected that suggested Greece might not support EU policy on Russia.
"The importance of safeguarding peace and stability in Ukraine and the wider region was highlighted," a statement issued by Tsipras's office said. It added that Putin had invited Tsipras to visit Moscow on May 9.
"The Russian president and the Prime Minister (also) emphasized the need for substantial improvement of the cooperation between Greece and Russia, countries with deep and historic ties, especially in the sectors of economy, energy, tourism, culture and transport," the statement said.
Tsipras has publicly rejected the idea of receiving aid from Russia to help solves Greece's debt problem.
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